吉本ばなな/キッチン (YOSHIMOTO Banana / *Kitchen*)

日本語の先生が今日本へ旅しているから８月まで勉強に会えないので、僕は面白くて難しい宿題がある。吉本ばななの「キッチン」を買って読んでみるんだ。本はもう買ったけど、まだもらっていない。紙の本だから、漢字を携帯で調べられないし、読みにくすぎるかもしれないけど、頑張るのを楽しみにしているよ。

買ったばかりのカンジについての本！

I'm always looking things up in Henshall's excellent book, so I was pleased to find on Amazon another book exploring the wonders of kanji, Eve Kushner's Crazy for Kanji. I've only glanced through so far, but I'm loving it. Her approach is fresh and irreverent, and she emphasizes the connections among kanji and their sounds, parts, and meanings, as I sometimes have tried (with less success) to do here. She's also saying a lot about the importation of 漢字, the effects that had, and the relationship with earlier 和語 (wago, indigenous Japanese language), an area I've wanted to read much more about.* She also explores more subtle topics, such as what the use of kanji may suggest about Japanese culture and how the Japanese themselves feel about kanji. To boot, she includes a variety of quizzes and games that challenge the perception of kanji as one big, dark room.

I find it all no less daunting, but I'm stoked.

*For Japanese script reform, 国語国事問題, see eg here and here.

On not being able to comment through Y! Japan....

I've tried a few times to sign up for Google Japan to comment on 主婦さん's post on nutrition, but 出来なかった, so　here's what I wanted to say:

実は。。。There are parents here in アメリカ who were raised to leave nothing on the plate—the influence of the Depression of the 1930s, when you couldn't be sure there would be food at all. "Waste not, want not" ですね. (「もったいない」の表現は大体同じだと思います。)But here our nutrition problem is probably about not only education but supply—in some areas, fresh fruits and vegetables are available but not affordable.

ところで, I believe the palate does change as we grow older; 子供 may be more sensitive to some substances (like onion) and reject them as too strong. でも、食べ物は子供の時食べたくなくて大人の時食べたいのがありますね。(?) There are many foods that as children we dislike but as adults we like. 例えば Brussels sprouts—they're the classic child-hated food, but here in フィラデルフィアのレストラン they're served as a delicacy. 美味しいですよねー。

(下手な日本語、どうもすみません。生徒なんですが。)

下さる。

I find 下さる (kudasaru) really interesting. It's polite but informal. I've heard it once or twice in アニメ, and now here it is again in クリストチャン・ラジオ. I suppose it reflects an intimate but respectful relationship.

クリスチャン・ラジオ?！ (Christian radio?!)

外人は会話の日本語が分かるために、たくさん日本語を聞かなくちゃね。だから僕はいつも日本のインタネット・ラジオのサイトを探してる。今日の探しは音楽のリンクはぜんぜん動かなかったけど、クリスチャン・ラジオのが一つできた。だから僕は今聞いてる。僕はアメリカ人で、日本語でクリスト教がちょっと変みたいけど、このラジオの人はゆっくい話してるから、僕は時々分かる。面白いよ。

I really need to practice listening, so I'm always looking for Japanese-language streaming radio. No luck with music today, but I did find a working link to a Christian station. It's definitely a little weird to hear Christian radio in Japanese, but when they read the Bible they pause enough that I can pick up a good bit of it, so works. それはいいことだろう。

例えば: Hearing "Nearer, My God, to Thee" in 日本語. Must must must find those lyrics. 歌詞を見つけなくちゃ成らないよ。

「インタネット・ラジオって、不思議なものですね。」—ひばり美空

歌詞：「おもちゃのチャチャチャ」 ("The Toys' Cha-cha"!)

「元気」の教科書の第１８課の練習問題の中に、
「おもちゃ」の単語を使うのがある—

（女の子が）おもちゃを壊す。
（それから）おもちゃが壊れる。

でも、よく僕はその単語（言葉？）が思い出せない。その時、思い出させるために、先生は「おもちゃのチャチャチャ！」って歌う。子供の歌の歌詞だって。僕は知らない歌なので、調べ訳してみよう。。。。　何分が分かるだろうかなぁ。子供のなので、よく分かるといいよね。

OK, ビデオを見つけて見た:



そらに　きらきら　おほしさま　（チャチャチャ）
　　みんな　すやすや　ねむる　ころ
sora ni kirakira ohoshisama
　　minna suyasuya nemuru koro
when the Stars are twinkling in the sky
　　and everyone is sleeping soundly

おもちゃは　はこを　とびだして　（チャチャチャ）
　　おどる　おもちゃの　チャチャチャ
omocha ha hako o tobidashite
　　odoru omocha no chachacha
the toys jump out of the box
　　and dance the toy cha-cha
(飛び出すは僕の一番好きな動詞に成ってるよ。今日会社でこの動詞の草書をデスクトップの背景にした。おもちゃのように会社員の箱を飛び出そう！）

（繰り返し）

なまりの　へいたい　トテチテタ
　　らっぱ　ならして　こんばんは
namari no heitai to-te-chi-te-ta
　　rappa narashite konban ha
with a "to-te-chi-te-ta", the lead soldier
　　plays "good evening" on his trumpet

フランスにんぎょう　すてきでしょ
　　はなの　ドレスで　チャチャチャ
furansu ningyou suteki desho
　　hana no doresu de cha-cha-cha
the pretty French doll
　　dances in her flowery dress

（繰り返し）

きょうは　おもちゃの　まつりだ
　　みんな　たのしく　うたいましょ
kyou ha omocha no matsuri da
　　minna tanoshiku utaimasho
today is the toys' holiday/festival
　　everyone's having fun singing
(どうして「-ましょ」を使うかなぁ。僕も楽しく歌うはずなんだろう？)

こひつじ　メエメエ　こねこは　ニヤー
　　こぶた　ブースカ　チャチャチャ
kohitsuji meemee koneko ha nyaa
　　kobuta buusuka cha-cha-cha
the lamb goes, "baa!" the kitten goes, "Meow!"
　　the piglets in boots (?!) (dance the) cha-cha
(「ブースカ」って何だろう？ イメージ検索からも分からない）

（繰り返し）

そらに　さよなら　おほしさま　（チャチャチャ）
　　まどに　おひさま　こんにちは
sora ni sayonara ohoshisama
　　mado ni ohisama konnichi ha
goodbye, Stars in the sky!
　　hello, Sun through the window!

おもちゃは　かえる　おもちゃばこ
　　そして　ねむるよ　チャチャチャ
omocha ha kaeru omochabako
　　soshite nemuru yo cha-cha-cha
the toys return to the toybox
　　and go to sleep.

（繰り返し）

ちょっと安すぎるだろうが、役に立つ単語があり、いい練習だね。僕は今「源氏物語」のテキストも勉強しテレので、こんな子供の歌を訳すのが優しい。

I love that they're dancing to a gramophone (グラモフォーン？). And 鉛の兵隊 dances like this kid from Charlie Brown:



Of course, as Cさん says, it's no トマトちゃん.

Whatever ブースカ may be, この可愛い犬はブースカが欲しいと思う:

訳そう。

練習のために、ちょっと訳そう。　例えば、これは今日の「朝日新聞」のテキスト。　エンタメの「BOOK」の何かを読んでみよう。　選んだテキストはこれ：

Time to try translating something small, so here'a bit from the BOOK section of Asahi newspaper online:

第５６回青少年読書感想文コンクールの課題図書、
dai go-juu-rokkai seishounen tokusho kansoubun konkuuru no kadai tosho
the book for the 56th Young People's Book Report Contest

小学校低学年から高校生まで全１８冊を一同に集めました。
shougakkou teigakunen kara koukousei made zen juu-hassatsu o ichidou ni atsumemashita.
18 books have been chosen, for kids from grade school through high school.

今年も気になる作品が勢ぞろい！
kotoshi mo ki ni naru sakuhin ha seizoroi!
once again an army of books have lined up!

あれもこれも読んでみたくなる作品ばかりです。
are mo kore mo yondemitaku naru sakuhin bakari desu.
(this and that work people increasingly want to try to read?! How does ばかり fit in?)

売り切れる前に、お早めにご購入ください！
uri kireru mae ni, ohayame ni go kounyuu kudasai!
buy early, while the sales last!

Je me demande ce que lisent les enfants au Japon. Ça se peut que moi aussi je pourrais le lire, à l'aide du dictionnaire bien entendu. 僕は日本語の小学生の本が読めるかなぁ。

ところで、「朝日新聞」のサイトは日本のサッカー・チームの色に染まったみたいだね。 「本日はサッカー日本代表の健闘に敬意を表し、トップページをブルーにしました。」って書いてある。

The Asahi site has turned blue for Japan vs Paraguay!

漢字： 「翻訳」の「翻」。 (What's the "hon" in "hon'yaku"?)

It's bothering me that I don't know what the hon in hon'yaku (translation) means; I always just use 訳 yaku (訳す、訳する). So let's find out. ちょっと調べてみよう。。。。

Well, that's ランドム. Kotoba gives two kanji, 翻 and 飜, and grays out the former, though apparently only the former is 常用 (Jouyou, common-use: school grade 8, JLPT level 1). Both mean "to flip over", and they share a hen of topped-rice and rice-field; in 翻 the tsukuri is 羽 (hane, feathers/wings), and in 飜 it's our old friend 飛 (tobu, to fly).

Not clear to me how either of these relates to translation, but maybe it's phonetic. I'll check Henshall先生 later.

今年の日本語能力試験。(JLPT)

今年の日本語能力試験は、フィラデルフィアでも受けられる！素晴らしい。僕は新しい４級を受けるといい。沢山勉強すると、３級もできるかも知れない。 JLPT in Philadelphia this year! I may be able to shoot for new-4 or even, with a ton of study, new-3. My bad luck that they changed the numbering on me after last year (when I achieved 4). But　しょがない. 「いい天気ですから、散歩しましょう。」

Uh-oh. The guide to the new test says it features コミュニケーション能力をより重視した試験になります—increased emphasis on communication skill. I don't like the sound of that! 壊い。

ガイドによると、新しい試験の３級の必要な能力（できなきゃならないこと）はこれ:

• One is able to read and understand written materials with specific contents concerning everyday topics.
  
• One is also able to grasp summary information such as newspaper headlines.
  
• In addition, one is also able to read slightly difficult writings encountered in everyday situations and understand the main points of the content if some alternative phrases are available to aid one’s understanding.
  
• One is able to listen and comprehend coherent conversations in everyday situations, spoken at near - natural speed, and is generally able to follow their contents as well as grasp the relationships among the people involved.

That sounds not completely infeasible, 沢山漢字と文法を学んだり、会話を練習したりしておけば. だけど無理かもしれない。 I'll try to read more 朝日.

New favorite verb: 飛び出す.

飛び出す tobidasu combines 飛ぶ　tobu, to fly, with 出す dasu, to get out. Roughly translated, "to get the hell out". 飛び出そうね。

The thing I can't understand (分からない事) is why it's not 出る deru, the intransitive form. It's not like I'm getting someone else the hell out.

Interesting: Kotoba によると, 飛び出る is indeed a verb, but it's more about protruding/obtruding, things that come out of other things, than about extraction. Can 飛び出す tobidasu apply to oneself?

今日の習字. (today's calligraphy!)

Today we "finished" the iroha—that is, we began studying the last six hiragana characters. 先生 gave us hentaigana to look at for next time, and some examples of 連綿 renmen, connecting kana into continuous lines. Just two characters at a time so far, more as we gain in skill. 今度ね。

We took a break from my new 晝陰靜 hiru in sei to do two characters from the last set, 雲 kumo and 飛 to(bu), in new sousho styles on white paper. 先生 and I picked out some favorites from the Masters; I wrote 雲 in the style of 吳昌碩 and 飛 in the amazingly tight and blotchy style of someone whose name I can't make out at all. I also tried this really daunting 飛 by (I think) 楊維—

It can be tough to sound out the name of a Chinese calligrapher. In 吳昌碩, 昌碩 may be shouseki; 吳 seems not to live in Japanese, beyond the name of a harbor near Hiroshima, but may be.... Scratch that. I'm going to go full-on Chinese with it and say his PinYin name is WU Chang-Shi or WU Chiang-Shuo or something else along those lines. And...やった！ *rah* It is. So now I'm savvy enough to figure out that 楊維楨 is YANG Wei-Chen—not this one, but this one—from the Yuan Dynasty, 14th century. Funny, because apparently Wu lived 1844–1927. But I guess variety helps. 先生 says it's good to practice from calligraphers who wrote during the Tang dynasty (7th to 10th centuries) because their work tends to be the least idiosyncratic / the most standardized.

(Ha—this site of the National Palace Museum refers to Yang's "wild cursive script" that "mirrors in many ways the troubled times of the late Yuan dynasty". I guess his 飛 does, too. 先生 wasn't into that 飛 but said I could try if I wanted to, so in some down-time I did. I think I see the logic of the movement, but I couldn't make it look coherent as Yang's does. The thing is, he connects everything and keeps all the lines thin, so his 飛 comes out looking like a Picasso. This history of Chinese calligraphy actually quotes Yang.)

The Unknown Master's 飛 is certainly strong. It enters very lightly but coils the first hook-and-dots into a tight little ball and then condenses the vertical and the swipes into a seriously thick descending line. The second hook also is heavy, but at the end of the low stroke it suddenly lightens and trails up to a powerful ending 点. For me, the last hook stroke in this sousho is difficult because I enjoy it so much: often I drew it out along the bottom and pulled in on the upstroke, as I like to do, and I ended up with something more like 龍 ryuu, dragon. And then one time, somehow, it read as 兎 usagi, a bunny rabbit. 不思議なものだね。

As for 雲: after 先生 corrects, I usually rewrite the page a few times, so of course the 漢字 get darker and darker. Seeing a 雲 on the trash pile, 先生 had the inspired idea to "darken" my 雲—why shouldn't we do it as a storm cloud, with a really bold entrance? So I started doing it that way, with a ton of ink in the opening strokes (雨) and then a subtle trailing-off afterward. Cool effect—total 滲み at the top and then neat 掠れ at the end. 楽し過ぎてやばい！

Once when we were all looking through a book of 書, 先生 pointed out a kanji written along the edge of some examples that meant "in the style of". She read it as リン rin. Wondering what that might be. Per Saiga, there are a few decent candidates, but the best so far is probably 随, which means "following". 僕の一番好きな「飛」は、知らないマスター随だよ。

ところで：　I like it when kanji are their own radical. There's something impressive about it—like they're so unique that there's no comfortable way to categorize them with anything else. You go, 飛.

「お大事に」。 ("o dai ji ni")

Just realized that 「お大事に」, a common "seeya"/"take care" expression, is probably an abbreviation for 体を/気をお大事にしてください [karada o / ki o] odaiji ni shite kudasai, "please treat your spirit/person/self as a very important thing". A form of 「に する」 ni suru. I'm not so familiar with those constructions and was reading about them earlier when I was trying to translate something from Genji. Hmm.

It's great to have Google to test out language constructions.

"お大事にしてください": ~269k hits
"お大事にして下さい": ~683k hits
"お大事にして": ~19.7 million hits, almost every one of them followed by 下さい or ください

So there may be something off with Google's counting.

川柳遊び。 (senryuu poems)

日本語の小中学生のセンリュウのサイトを見つけたー。すごい。 Found a neat site with senryuu poems by Japanese schoolkids. Should be more translatable than the pieces of Genji I've been failing on!

新学期どきどき感が気持ちよい
shingakki
dokidoki kan ga
kimochi yoi

new school term
the heart pounds
it's a good feeling


地球はね青くて丸い愛なんだ
sakkyou ha ne
aokute marui
ai na n da

the Earth
blue and round
love it


生きてゆく長い廊下を一歩ずつ
ikiteyuku
nagai rouka o
ippo zutsu

going through life
under? a long corridor
one step at a time


ふるさとはきれいな星の生産地
furosato ha
kirei na hoshi no
seisanchi

my hometown
is known for producing
beautiful stars


南の島ハイビスカスが笑ってる
minami no shima
haibisukasu ga
waratteru

southern island
hibiscus is laughing


本読んで大きなゆめがうまれたよ
hon yonde
ooki na yume ga
umareta yo

reading a book,
big dreams
were born


牛からの白い素敵なプレゼント
ushi kara no
shiroi suteki na
purezento

lovely white present
from the cow


お城から今日も元気をもらってる
oshiro kara
kyou mo genki o
moratteru

today, once again,
drawing strength
from the castle


さわやかなシュートが春をつきやぶる
sawayaka na
shuuto ga haru o
tsukiyaburu

fresh
shoots break though
the spring

歌詞： 「人生が二度あれば」 (lyrics: "Jinsei ga Nido Areba")

Not sure how to go at the title, jinsei ga nido areba. "If There Were Second Chances"? "If You Had It to Do Over Again"? The topic could be Inoue, his parents, the listener.... 二度 is a two times, "if life had two times", or probably even "if life has two times", since there's nothing particularly past about that conditional　と思うけど.

作詞：井上陽水 作曲：井上陽水
music and lyrics by INOUE Yousui

父は今年二月で六十五
chichi ha konnen nigatsu de rokujuugo
Dad turned 65 this February
[in this video, Inoue sounds like he's saying し at the end of the line instead of 五. Does he mean 六十四? did he update these lyrics as birthdays passed?]

顔のシワはふえてゆくばかり
kao no shiwa ha fueteyuku bakari
face going all wrinkled
[what's the deal with しわ in katakana? emphasis?]

仕事に追われ
shigoto ni oware
looking for work

このごろやっと　ゆとりができた
konogoro yatto yutori ga dekita
now he finally has a little breathing room

父の湯呑み茶碗は欠けている
chichi no yunomi chawan ha kaketeiru
Dad's teacup is chipped

それにお茶を入れて飲んでいる
soreni ocha o irete nondeiru
but he still drinks tea from it

湯飲みに写る自分の顔をじっと見ている
yunomi ni utsuru jibun no kao o jitto miteiru
gazing at his own face in his teacup
[this に is confusing me. 写真の写だね。]

人生が二度あれば　この人生が二度あれば
jinsei ga nido areba kono jinsei ga nido areba
if life came twice

母は今年九月で六十四
haha ha kotoshi kuugatsu de roku juu shi
this September Mom will turn 64

子供だけの為に年とった
kodomo dake no tame ni toshi totta
grown old just for her kids' sake

母の細い手つけもの石を持ち上げている
haha no hosoi te tsukemono ishi wo mochiageteiru
her thin hand holding up tsukemono ishi (a pickled-vegetable stone?)
[インタネットさんによると、漬物石 tsukemonoishi are stones of various weights that you put on top of vegetables that you are pickling.　例　例　例]

そんな母を見てると人生が
誰の為にあるのかわからない
sonna haha o mite(i)ru to jinsei ga
dare no tame ni aru no ka wakaranai
looking at that mother, I don't know what life's for.
[whom life's for? だれのたみに、but that doesn't seem to work.]

子供を育て家族の為に年老いた母
kodomo o sodate kazoku no tame ni toshioita haha
a mother grown old for her family, raising kids

人生が二度あれば　この人生が二度あれば
jinsei ga nido areba kono jinsei ga nido areba
if life came twice

父と母がこたつでお茶を飲み 若い頃の事を話し合う
chichi to haha ga kotatsu de ocha o nomi
wakai goro no koto o hanashiau
Dad and Mom sit at the table, drinking tea,
chatting about their younger days

想い出してる夢見るように　夢見るように
omoidashite(i)ru yume miru you ni yume miru you ni
remembering, as if in a dream

人生が二度あれば　この人生が二度あれば
jinsei ga nido areba kono jinsei ga nido areba
if this life came twice....

によると。。。みたい？

bikenglishさん asked about the pronunciation of Regina Carter's name. I found it in a video and sent the link, and I said このビデオによると、発音は「レジーナ」が正しいです。 Probably there are several errors in that, but right now I'm thinking that I should have ended with a みたい or a そう, "seeming": ビデオによると、「レジーナ」の発音が正しそうなんです。Probably みたい: ビデオによると、発音は「レジーナ」が正しいみたいです。 みたいんです？ Hmm.

Also, originally I started with 「このビデオによるとも」, because other people had already suggested that pronunciation. But then I chickened out and dropped the も. I thought of 「このビデオもによると」, but putting も before によると didn't feel right.

今日の習字. (today's calligraphy!)

「景雲飛」の草書を終わって、先生の漢字練習の本を相談して、新しい漢字を選んだ：

晝陰静 ヒルインセイ　hiru-in-sei

晝: 昔の「昼」, old form of hiru, afternoon
陰: kage, shade*
靜: 昔の「静」, old form of shizuka, quiet/still

先生 let me choose from quite a few options, and this one seemed a nice choice for summer and also contains kanji I'd like to be better acquainted with: hiru is basically 書 kaku, and you can never practice that enough; kage is the same kage as in my blog-name; shizuka is a kanji I don't know that's worth knowing and will be a lot of fun to write and hang up at work. 今日その楷書を学び始めた。角や太さやスピードやバランシングなどは難しいおで、今度の前にたくさん練習しておかなくちゃね。

*There's an old form with kusakanmuri (蔭) that I like because it feels greener, but funnily enough the book uses the new form.

Writing forenames in kanji vs kana.

Usually when I see Nakajima's name written in Japanese, her surname is in kanji (中島) and her forename in kana (みゆき). I supposed みゆき was 美雪, beauty + snow; the other day I saw that on a website somewhere and felt more confident about it. But bikenglishさん tells me it's better to write it in kana. そうしようけど。。。どうしてだろうかなぁ。

歌詞： 「傘が無い」 (lyrics: "Kasa ga nai")

井上陽水の歌です。 / Song by Yousui INOUE.

都会では自殺する若者が増えている
toukai de ha jisatsu suru wakamono ga fueteiru
in the city, more and more young people are killing themselves

今朝来た新聞の片隅に書いていた
kesa kita shinbun no katasumi ni kaiteita
it was written in a corner of today's paper

だけども問題は今日の雨　傘がない
dakedo mo mondai ha kyou no ame kasa ga nai
still, for that problem, for today's rain, i have no umbrella
[I missed the contrast here. "But the problem is today's rain" would be better.]

行かなくちゃ　君に逢いに行かなくちゃ
ikanakucha, kimi ni ai ni ikanakucha
i have to see you

君の町に行かなくちゃ　雨にぬれ
kimi no machi ni ikanakucha ame ni nure
i have to go to where you live, even if i'm soaked in the rain

冷たい雨が　僕の目の中に降る 今日は心にしみる
tsumetai ame ga kyou ha kokoro ni shimiru
today the cold rain soaks straight through to my heart

君の事以外は　何も見えなくなる 考えられなくなる
kimi no koto igai ha kangaerarenakunaru
i can no longer think of anything but you

それはいい事だろ？
sore ha ii koto darou
and that's probably a good thing /
（ironically） awesome.
[with no punctuation, that だろう is hard to parse.]

テレビでは我が国の将来の問題を 誰かが深刻な顔をしてしゃべってる
terebi de wagakuni no shourai no mondai o
dareka ga shinkoku na kao o shite shabette(i)ru
on TV, someone is talking with a serious face
about our country's future

だけども問題は今日の雨　傘がない
dakedomo mondai ha kyou no ame kasa ga nai
but, still, the problem is this rain. i have no umbrella.

行かなくちゃ　君に逢いに行かなくちゃ
ikanakucha kimi ni ai ni ikanakucha
i have to, have to see you

君の家に行かなくちゃ　雨にぬれ
kimi no uchi ni ikanakucha ame ni nure
i have to go to your house, soaked in the rain,

冷たい雨が僕の目の中に降る
tsumetai ame ga boku no me no naka ni furu
the cold rain falling in my eyes

君の事以外は何も見えなくなる
kimi no koto igai ha nanimo mienakunaru
i can no longer see see anything but you.

行かなくちゃ。。。など

The excellent blog Foreign Language Music has some really helpful grammatical notes. Among: turns out 心に染みる carries a connotation of stinging, not just soaking.

歌詞：Miyuki Nakajima: "Chijou no Hoshi"

A thing that's great about living now is that you can discover a Nakajima song on your phone, listen to it, and look up all the words you don't know by the time you get home. This one, "Chijou no Hoshi", is much more dramatic than the others I've heard. The title is lit. "Stars Above the Ground", but—because where else would they be?—it may be a colloquial expression. Apparently it's translated as "Unsung Heroes"; the video certainly supports that, essentially a string of images of ordinary folk, with Nakajima先生 interspersed in bubble-world. Wikipedia says it was composed for a TV program, was released in July 2000, hit #1 in Japan, and became the longest-running Oricon Japanese single (since 1968).



中島みゆき：地上の星
nakajima miyuki: chijou no hoshi
Miyuki NAKAJIMA: ?"Unsung Heroes"

風の中のすばる
kaze no naka no subaru
Pleiades among the winds
[Funny that the Subaru corporate logo has six stars rather than seven.]

砂の中の銀河
suna no naka no ginga
Milky Way amid the dust
[All these の constructions are bothering me because I'm seeing them translated as, eg, "In the dust of the Milky Way"—but I don't see why "suna の naka の ginga", sand's center's Milky Way, should read as "ginga の naka の suna", Milky Way's center's sand. I see that I'll probably have to switch them all around, but right now I don't get why.]

みんな何処へ行った　見送られることもなく
minna doko e itta miokurareru koto mo naku
where have they all gone, with no one saying goodbye?
[見送る is "to see someone off", or to say farewell. I'm not getting the られる construction with 送る.]

草原のペガサス
sougen no pegasasu
Pegasus of the grassland/plain

街角のヴィーナス
machikado no vi-nasu
Venus of the street corner

みんな何処へ行った　見守られることもなく
minna doko e itta mimamorareru koto mo naku
where has everyone gone, with no one to look out for them?

地上にある星を誰も覚えていない
chijou ni aru hoshi o daremo oboeteinai
the stars that are above the ground, no one remembers them.

人は空ばかり見てる
hito ha sora bakari mite(i)ru
people see only the sky.

つばめよ高い空から教えてよ　地上の星を
tsubame yo takai sora kara oshiete yo chijou no hoshi o
sparrow, high in the sky, tell me where they are.

つばめよ地上の星は今　何処にあるのだろう
tsubame yo chijou no hoshi ha ima doko ni aru no darou
sparrow, those stars, where can they be?

崖の上のジュピター
gake no ue no jupita-
Jupiter above the cliffs

水底のシリウス
unasoko no shiriusu
Sirius on the sea-floor

みんな何処へ行った　見守られることもなく
minna doko e itta mimamorareru koto mo naku
where have they all gone, with no one to look after them?

名立たるものを追って　輝くものを追って
nadataru mono o otte kagayaku mono o otte
chasing famous things, chasing glittery things,

人は氷ばかり掴む
hito ha koori bakari tsukamu
people catch only ice.

つばめよ高い空から教えてよ　地上の星を
tsubame yo takai sora kara oshiete yo chijou no hoshi o
swallow, high in the sky, show me those stars

つばめよ地上の星は今　何処にあるのだろう
tsubame yo, chijou no hoshi ha ima doko ni aru no darou
swallow, where can those stars be now?

名立たるものを追って　輝くものを追って
nadataru mono o otte kagayaku mono o otte
chasing famous things, chasing glittery things,

人は氷ばかり掴む
hito ha koori bakari tsukamu
people catch only ice.

風の中のすばる
kaze no naka no subaru
Pleiades in the winds,

砂の中の銀河
suna no naka no ginga
Milky Way in the sand—

みんな何処へ行った　見送られることもなく
minna doko e itta miokurareru koto mo naku
where have they all gone, with no goodbyes?

つばめよ高い空から教えてよ　地上の星を
tsubame yo takai sora kara oshiete yo chijou no hoshi o
swallow, high in the sky, point me to them

つばめよ地上の星は今　何処にあるのだろう
tsubame yo chijou no hoshi ha ima doko ni aru no darou
swallow, where can these stars have gone?

It is a real kick to be able to watch this video and understand her. I'm loving this song.

Note that Nakajima seems to actually sing を as wo. Is this a common idiosyncrasy of pronunciation in singing, like singing ん as ng?

BONUS: The word for "refrain" seems to be 繰り返し kurikaeshi, the same word Nakajima uses in "Jidai" to say that time is cyclical. 「喜び悲しみ繰り返し」

申し訳。(moushiwake)

Another "click" happened this morning—a lame one, probably, but all progress is progress ね.

Polite formula 申し訳ありません moushiwake arimasen: used as an apology to superiors.

申す mousu: humble form of "to speak". 木の陰と申します = kinokage to moushimasu = (humbly) They call me Kinokage. (They don't, but it's just an example.)

訳 is one I usually use as ヤク YAKU, translating/translation:

この難しい日本語のテキストを訳してくれない？
kono muzukashii nihongo no tekisuto o yaku shite kurenai?
won't you translate this difficult Japanese text for me?

But 訳 is also わけ wake, a reason or explanation:

そういうわけで宿題をできなくちゃったんです。
sou iu wake de shukudai wo dekinakuchatta n desu.
That's why I couldn't do my homework. Sorry.

(I've never used わけで before, so I'm picking up that usage from Kotonba, though with a slightly changed example. I'm definitely not sure of できなくちゃった, but that shouldn't affect.)

So 申し訳ありません/ございません ≈ there is no call/reason to speak? I have nothing to say for myself?

Now I need to think about そう言う訳 and whether that links to 申し訳. It may be just a coincidence of usage that in both instances 訳 is preceded by a speech verb; そう言う may be there for other reasons, as in そう言うこと.

書道ガールス! (New film "Shodo Girls")

「わたしたちの甲子園」の意味は何だろうかなぁ。

サイト

Particles in song lyrics.

I'm liking working with songs, because as I gain understanding of the lyrics I can run around singing them and get a sense of flow and usage. What's baffling me, though, is the use of particles at the ends of lines—I can't yet see the rationale for some of it.  例えば：

凸凹道や、曲がりくねった道
dekoboko michi ya, magarikunetta michi
[it's] an uneven road, winding road

Ya や used that way reminds me of the setting-particle や in poetry, a particle that tends to end the first line of a 俳句 haiku and establishes the setting: 木の陰や ki no kage ya, "[in] a tree's shade". Maybe it's the same idea. The Akiyama grammar book is usually good about laying things out succinctly but includes only the nonspecific-list function of や.

Or this:

そんな時代もあったねと
いつか話せる日が来るわ。
sonna jidai mo atta ne to
itsuka hanaseru hi ga kuru wa
the day will come when you'll be able to say,
"that's happened to me, too."

At first I misread the quotation-marking function of と to, probably because I'm not used to seeing it with 話す hanasu, to speak [with].  I might have been more aware with an 言う or a 伝う, which are more about saying and therefore call a specific quotation.

Or this:

旅を続ける人々は
いつか故郷に出会う日を
たとえ今夜は倒れても
きっと信じてドアを出る
たとえ今日は果てしもなく
冷たい雨が降っていても
tabi o tsuzukeru hitobito ha
itsuka furosato ni deau hi o
tatoe konya ha taorete mo
kitto, shinjite doa o deru.
tatoe kyou ha hateshi mo naku
tsumetai ame ga futteite mo
folks who keep on the journey
someday will see home again
even if tonight [you're] struck down,
if you believe, sure enough you'll find a way out.
even if today you can't see the end of it,
even if cold rain is falling....

Some of the particles make sense there; it's possible that たとえ tatoe, "even if", requires a も mo, which generally means "even [that much, or to such a degree]".  And all the も do work if you think of them as leading up to the next verbs, めぐる　めぐる meguru meguru, "it [time] turns and turns".  So the も give a sense of...despite all trials, a better day will come.

What gets me is that を that ends the second line.  It wants a verb.  But now I'm thinking it may just precede the たとえ。。。も structures, and that the verb it's calling may be めぐる—the day when they see home again will return, even if...even if....  But now I'm thinking that's not possible, because that 出る seems to complete thought, not to lead to anything further.  難しいねー。

「でこぼこ」の漢字。 ("Dekoboko")

Some kanji are pretty easily understood, and some really obscure, but very rarely do we see kanji as on-the-nose as the kanji for でこぼこ (dekoboko), meaning a rough/uneven surface. Check this out:

凸　deko　convex.
凹　　boko　concave.

凸凹: it sticks up in some places and is rutted in others.

枯れる。涸れる。 (kareru)

In the intro to 「時代」/Jidai, Nakajima sings 「なみだもかれはてて」—namida mo kare hatete, tears completely (dried up). Everywhere I've seen this in lyrics, even in televised versions, the kanji used for かれる has been 枯, and I'm wondering why it's not 涸. Both kanji contain furui (old), but—ccording to EDICT/JMdict (via Kotoba and Denshi Jisho), at least—枯れる is more on the side of withering plants, and 涸れる is about drying up. This is even suggested by the hen radicals, 木 (tree) and 三水 (water droplets). Denshi Jisho lists many compounds with 枯 as blight, withering, or waste, many specific to plants. 涸れる compounds are mainly about lakes and water, drying up or running out. For tears, isn't 涸 the more logical choice?

Yorokobi, ureshii. 喜 / 嬉.

So I've been walking around singing 「時代」 everywhere, and I've just realized that the kanji for ureshii is the same as that for yorokobi, but plus onna-hen. 喜 + 女 = 嬉. What's the difference between happiness and happiness-plus-woman-kanji? Is onna-hen meaningful here? Why does Nakajima choose yorokobi/kanashimi instead of ureshimi/kanashimi?

Kotoba lists four kanji you can use to write yorokobi:

喜び 慶び 歓び 悦び

So presumably よろこび predates the introduction of kanji and that reading was assigned to various kanji that fit the meaning. And maybe that explains the び ending: that's just how it was said at the time. (Or are there many nouns that end in び?)

漢字って、不思議なものですね。

Is ureshimi even a word? It doesn't seem to be, but it should be. Of course, its not being a word would explain Nakajima's not using it.

I need a second copy of the Henshall book to keep at the office.

Japanese grammatical terms.

Discovered this last night:

IMABI / Japanese Terminology

Looks like there are 60 or so grammar lessons on the site, which I'll explore when I can, but it's also fun to find this table of grammatical terms. There are interesting things going on with the kanji that I'll also have to look at; I see 形 quite a few times, read as kei (rather than よう or かたち), and of course also 詞 shi.

面白い書道のブログ。

http://blog.livedoor.jp/shuukatsu55/

例えがたくさんある。

抜群 (batsugun)。

Learned a neat new word today from 習字の先生： 抜群, batsugun. 先生 translated it as "outside the flock/pack"—羊 is hitsuji, "sheep"—and she says it's used pretty often in Japan.

Today we reviewed kana る　の　お　く　や　ま　and moved on to け　ふ　く　え　て　あ. Then kanji: I'm still working on 景雲飛 in sousho (草書).　C——さん is working on 亀龍壽, which I think must be much trickier than my 景雲飛.

歌詞: 『時代』。 (Lyrics: "Time")

歌詞があるー！　日本語の先生の好きな歌の歌詞で、僕は先生にもらった。(人生って嬉しいものですね。) 先ずロマ字で書いて、刷り出して、それから段々訳してみよう。

時代
jidai / eons, epochs, time periods, ages....

作詞：中島みゆき 作曲：中島美雪
kashi / lyrics: NAKAJIMA miyuki
sakkyoku / music: NAKAJIMA miyuki



今はこんなに悲しくて　涙も (涸)れ果てて
ima ha konna ni kanashikute namida mo kare hatete
so sad now, tears all dried up—

もう二度と笑顔には　なれそうもないけど
mou nido to egao ni ha naresou mo nai kedo
feels like you'll never smile again (never get used to it?). But:

そんな時代もあったねと　
sonna jidai mo atta ne to
if you can make it through ("when you've lived through that kind of time")
(I'm guessing at a conditional with と. This translation uses と as a quotation marker: "Once, that also happened to me." Seems better, both with the next line and because of ね. I wouldn't have gone there just 'cuz there's no verb.)

いつか話せる日がくるわ
itsuka hanaseru hi ga kuru wa
someday you'll be able to look back on it.
(Someday, you'll be able to speak of it as something that happened to you.)
If this わ is the feminine particle, what do men sing?　ぜ？　ぞ？　よ？

あんな時代もあったねと　きっと笑って話せるわ
anna jidai mo atta ne to kitto waratte hanaseru wa
and after that, no doubt, you'll be able to laugh about it.

だから　今日はくよくよしないで
dakara kyou ha kuyokuyo shinaide
so, don't worry about it today.

今日の風に吹かれましょう
kyou no kaze ni fukaremashou
let's let today's wind blow us where it will.
(That translation changes focus to "let's let the wind blow it away", which probably makes more sense. I think I have 川の流れ on the brain.)

回る回るよ　時代はまわる
mawaru mawaru yo, jidai ha mawaru
they turn and turn, the times—
(The lyrics I'm finding don't use the kanji 回—why?)

喜び悲しみくり返し　
yorokobi kanashimi kurikaeshi
joy and sadness, again and again

今日は別れた恋人たちも
kyou ha wakareta koibitotachi mo
this day, even parted lovers

生まれ変わって　めぐりあうよ
umare kawatte meguriau yo.
are reborn, change, meet again.

まわるまわるよ　時代はまわる
mawaru mawaru yo, jidai ha mawaru
it turns around and around, time.

喜び悲しみくり返し　
yorokobi kanashimi kurikaeshi
joy, sadness, again and again.

今日は別れた恋人たちも
kyou ha wakareta koibitotachi mo
this day, even the weariest travelers

生まれ変わって　めぐりあうよ
umare kawatte meguriau yo.
can be reborn, change, and meet again.

まわるまわるよ　時代はまわる
mawaru mawaru yo, jidai ha mawaru
it turns and turns, time.

別れと出逢いをくり返し
wakare to deai kurikaeshi
being parted and meeting again, again and again.

今日は倒れた旅人たちも　
kyou ha taoreta tabibitotachi mo
today, even the weariest travelers

生まれ変って歩きだすよ
umare kawatte arukidasu yo.
can be reborn, change, walk on.
(That other/better translation carries the metaphor through—travelers who fall down can get up and walk on.)

今日は倒れた旅人たちも　
kyou ha taoreta tabibitotachi mo
this day, even the most exhausted travelers

生まれ変って歩きだすよ
umare kawatte arukidasu yo.
can be born again, change, walk on.


In this recording (which I admit I like a little better), there's an additional verse:

旅を続ける人々は　
tabi o tsuzukeru hitobito ha
those who continue their journey

いつか故郷に出会う日を
itsuka furosato ni deau hi o
someday see home again

たとえ今夜は倒れても　
tatoe konya ha taorete o
even if tonight they're tired

きっと信じてドアを出る
kitto shinjite doa o deru
they'll surely find the door they're hoping for,

たとえ今日は果てしもなく
tatoe kyou ha hateshi mo naku
even if today they've reached their limit;
(hateshi mo naku: have lost sight of the end? cf. 川の流れ.)

冷たい雨が降っていても
tsumetai ame ga futteite mo
even if cold rain falls.

めぐるめぐるよ　
meguru meguru yo
it turns and turns—

時代はめぐる
jidai ha meguru
time turns.

別れと出会いをくり返し
wakare to deai o kurikaeshi
partings and meetings, again and again.

今日は倒れた旅人たちも　
kyou ha taoreta hitobitotachi ha
today, fallen travelers

生まれ変って　
umare kawatte
are reborn, changed,

歩きだすよ
arukidasu yo.
and walk on.

I've heard a few recordings of this now. I like the young ones, when she's winning the award, &c., but there's something about this one that I find more appealing: her voice is a little harder and more belty. 若い時より声が強いと思う。

ところで: I'm making peace with 任せていたい from 川の流れ. Maybe she's saying that it's a state she wants to be in, a kind of person she wants to be: この身を任せていたい, she wants to give herself up to it, not discretely as in 林檎を食べたい, I want to eat the apple, but as a situation or state of mind.

Karate: 唐 vs 空.

This article on Slate says that karate (空手) as a Chinese form was tweaked in the 1920s for marketing in Japan, and that the process involved changing the kanji kara, "sky/empty". From what?

Wikipedia says that karate's kara was originally 唐 (kara/TOU)*, which Saiga tells us means the Tang dynasty. (Apparently it also means "nonsense/futile"—reminiscent of 漢, which means Han China but also can mean man-with-negative-connotations, as in 痴漢 chikan, a molester/groper, and 暴漢 boukan, a thug.) The Slate article says rather glibly that [w]ith a few deft scribbles, the character for kara was adjusted to emphasize its meaning as "open."—but the change seems neither a question of emphasis nor a few deft scribbles.

Changing to 空 does make sense, though, if part of the aim was to get away from Okinawan martial use of farm implements. Hmm.

Update: A sec ago I was looking for calligraphy examples of 唐 and 空, to emphasize that we're not talking about a few deft scribbes...and when I entered kara the Microsoft IME offered me 漢. Interesting!

*Seems the second kanji in "Tang dynasty" is 朝—asa/CHOU, morning. What's up with that?